Questionnaires are an essential part of research, allowing us to collect information that will help us uncover hidden insights about people. However, they have their limitations.
Questions can be self-administered, with participants answering all questions themselves, or researcher-administered, where the research team interviews a sample of respondents by phone, in-person, or online. Self-administered questionnaires tend to have lower response rates than researcher-administered questionnaires, due in part to the impersonal nature of mailed paper surveys and automated telephone menu systems.
Web-based questionnaires have a variety of advantages, like greater reach over traditional phone or mail-based surveys and the capability to reach a wide audience. They also pose challenges, including the difficulty in reaching a representative demographic sample. They are also affected by issues such as screen dimensions, hardware platforms, operating systems, and browser settings.
When you design a survey it is essential to consider the research goals and the goals. When designing questions, it’s crucial to know the target audience. For instance it is important to determine whether they understand and answer the language or do they have the time to complete a long questionnaire.
To ensure that new questionnaires are functioning as intended, it’s crucial to test them in advance by using qualitative methods such as focus groups, cognitive interviewing or pretesting. Additionally, questionnaires are susceptible to «question order effects» in which responses to earlier questions could affect the answers to later ones.